ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ НАУКОВИХ УЯВЛЕНЬ ПРО СТЕПОВІ ЛАНДШАФТИ В БОТАНІКО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ

Abstract

В процесі написання статті розкриті особливості трансформації наукових поглядів на степові ландшафті в контексті розвитку та становлення ботанічних та географічних досліджень, обґрунтована доцільність конкретизації даної термінології для вирішення регіональних питань раціонального природокористування. In the process of writing the article we reveald the features of transformation the scientific views on steppe landscapes in the context of development and formation botanical and geographical researches, the relevance of a refinement of this terminology for the solution of regional issues of rational use is reasoned. The presence of a large number of different opinions about the nature of the steppes, its characteristic features indicate a long process of forming geoecological representations about steppe landscapes in domestic and foreign science. During the progress of geographical and botanical knowledge (mid-XIXearly XX century), the change in the level of development and settlement of the steppes of the northern Black Sea coast, as well as the transformation of social and scientific thinking, an expansion of ideas about steppe landscapes was leading to formulation two approaches to the study of the concept of «steppe»: geographical and geobotanical. As Viacheslav Mordkovich observes, the objective reason for the ambiguous impression about the steppes is the extraordinary variety of steppe biomes, which predetermined primarily by their large expanse. The scientist rightly confirm that to accurate determination of steppe ecosystem is necessary to apply all its constituent elements: climate, flora and fauna, microflora and soil. Geographic and geobotanical sides of steppes definition complement each other in interwined lines.Therefore, a truly complete and unbiased determination of the steppes is only possible by combination of the botanical and geographic approach, when the steppe zone is allocated not only by geographical indices (flatness of relief, the dryness of the climate, black earth ), and also with phytocenological characteristics.